نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 عضو هیات علمی در گروه آهنگسازی، دانشکده موسیقی، دانشگاه هنر تهران، ایران
2 ، کارشناس ارشد آهنگسازی، دانشکده موسیقی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران.
3 عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده موسیقی، دانشگاه هنر ایران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This research investigates extended techniques for the Tar, resulting in the presentation of several new techniques along with their notation methods. The aim of this article is to introduce innovative techniques that reveal new aspects of the Tar’s capabilities for producing various sounds. The methods that extended techniques for the tar have been developed can be categorized into five groups: 1) using different parts of the instrument, such as the bridge, strings between the tuning pegs, 2) using various objects among the instrument’s strings; 3) adapting and applying extended techniques introduced for other instruments; 4) modifying certain conventional Tar techniques to achieve new sounds. The techniques presented in this study fall into two general categories. The first category includes techniques that lack a definite pitch and cannot be precisely notated on a five-line staff, so only their exact duration is recorded. The second group consists of techniques with a definite pitch, allowing precise notation of both pitch and duration on the staff. Some of the introduced techniques have sonic and performance limitations, such as those with low sound intensity, making them unsuitable for use in dense musical textures. For the correct execution of some other techniques, composers need to provide performers with sufficient preparation time, which can be achieved by slowing the tempo or inserting rests before their execution. This research was conducted through library-based methods and by drawing on the expertise of specialists. The proposed notation symbols for the techniques have been introduced based on their characteristics and similarity to related examples. Some techniques are presented without changes to the proposed notation in the sources, while others are introduced with minor or significant modifications.
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